De‐epithelialization and reflection of pocket epithelium down to the bone level creating an intrasulcular incision and bisection of the interdental papilla under the contact point to design a miniflap, with the miniflap reflected as needed for access for further debridement/degranulation of the defect (Tip: RFPT5; Power: 1.5 W; Pulse energy: 50 mJ; Pulse duration: 60 μs; Frequency: 30 Hz; Air/Water output: 40%/50%). Der Kristall hat die Vorteile einer großen Größe, einer geringen optischen Beschädigung, einer hohen optischen Qualität und einer niedrigen Laserschwelle. Running Title: Er,Cr:YSGG laser vs MIST in the treatment of intrabony defects Number of Figures: 6 Key Findings: The Er,Cr:YSGG laser in the surgical treatment of intrabony defects was not inferior to MIST in terms of clinical outcomes but superior in terms of patient-reported bruising, swelling, and ice pack use. In … Recent history Saved searches Abstract Full text; References Citations & impact Similar Articles Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Pulse Frequency on Microtensile Bond Strength to Enamel. Chromium, Erbium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Cr, Er:YSGG) is a crystalline material composed of Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (YSGG) doped with chromium and erbium atoms and is used in lasers and endodontics. The power estimate was based on non‐inferiority. Comparison of Heat Deposition of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Lasers in Hard Dental Tissues - Read Full Text. The data from the dropout were used in the evaluation of the randomization process to investigate the balance of groups in both demographic and the evaluation of SRP only. For investigating changes over the 6‐month period of time, 53 subjects were used; no imputations were done. Advanced Search E.g. Er,Cr:YSGG laser. This was a novel approach, since power analyses are normally based on one, pre‐determined non‐inferiority margin. Er, Cr:YSGG laser treatment improved disc surfaces by making them slightly smoother, which reduced P. gingivalis adhesion and increased fibroblast viability and osteoblast differentiation. Future studies should be conducted on the use of this wavelength in comparison with and in combination with conventional regenerative therapies using bone grafts and/or biologics to confirm the findings of this study and further define the role of laser therapy in the treatment of intrabony defects. Given the wide range of standard deviations in historical studies,10, 26, 27 a range of non‐inferiority margins (0.4 to 0.8 mm) was used to determine what the margin would be at the 0.05 mm level. No adverse events were reported. In-vitro study . They would also like to thank the clinical research coordinators and examiners from each investigation site, as well as Kathy Donkin and Rebecca Williams of The McGuire Institute for their time and assistance in managing this study. Sixty patients with chronic periodontitis were included in the study and allocated into two groups each containing 30 patients. To … IV. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser assisted periodontal therapy on the reduction of oral malodor and periodontal disease. All examiners were masked to the therapy subjects where assigned. Therefore, these sites would be less likely to respond extensively to non‐surgical treatment. Simone MORETTO, Professor (Assistant) | Cited by 159 | of Universidade Ibirapuera | Read 12 publications | Contact Simone MORETTO The lasing medium of the Er:YAG laser emitted laser light of 2.94 m and pulse duration is in the region of … The adjunctive application of Er, Cr:YSGG laser following SRP did not improve probing pocket depth or attachment level compared with SRP alone. 2009, No.2-1. Sensitivity analysis were performed to determine if the following effects influenced the estimation of the primary and secondary variables: clinical center, per protocol, or ITT samples and any imbalances in baseline demographic or initial clinical values. Demographic continuous data were analyzed by t test and categorical data by Chi‐square analysis. SRP and defect debridement was accomplished using mini curets** Micro Mini Gracey Curettes, Hu‐Friedy, Chicago, IL. Subjects were instructed to not brush the therapy areas for 1 week. The hemostatic efficacy of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was more limited (moderate intraoperative bleeding) than that achieved with the CO2 laser (bloodless surgery). The one study32 comparing MIST alone to MIST‐EMD achieved a higher average baseline PD/ CAL reduction and deeper intrabony defects with both groups than reported in this study, which includes intrabony defects with angle ≥25°. Professor Gwaltney was involved in design of the study with respect to patient‐reported outcomes and data interpretation in addition to manuscript revision. The study initiated in May 2018 was designed as a randomized, prospective, multicenter, single‐masked (examiners) and controlled clinical trial of 15‐months duration. X ... Full Text Influence of Er: Cr: YSGG laser on adhesive strength and microleakage of dentin bonded to resin composite. Fifty‐four subjects were originally enrolled in the study and completed SRP with one dropout before completion of the study. If subjects were allergic to or could not tolerate ibuprofen, extra strength acetaminophen (1,000 mg) was used, with subsequent use also recorded. The purpose of this publication is to report on the six‐month clinical results and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) comparing the surgical use of the erbium, chromium‐doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser (ERL) and minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects in subjects with generalized periodontitis stage III, grade B. Fifty‐three adults (29 females and 24 males; aged 19 to 73 years) with 79 intrabony defects were randomized following scaling and root planing (SRP) to receive ERL monotherapy (n = 27) or MIST (n = 26). A center effect was also modeled in the analysis to determine if the effects were consistent across all centers. All subjects completed a PROs assessment immediately before and after the surgical procedure with respect to anxiety, pain, and satisfaction reported on a scale of 0 to 10. The acoustics of a dental hard tissue laser (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Waterlase MD, Biolase, USA) and a traditional dental high speed hand piece (Midwest®, Dentsply International, USA) were compared in vitro using a simple approach that can be easily adapted for in vivo studies. These margins are within the power analysis margins (0.4 to 0.8 mm.) All examiners met the 90% agreement criteria. Both groups reported a low level of post‐operative pain without a statistically significant difference between Laser and MIST. CAL, REC, and PD measures were computed as means for each subject. In summary, this is the first multicenter, randomized, masked, and controlled study demonstrating the ERL in the surgical treatment of intrabony defects is not inferior to MIST in terms of clinical measures. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser energy allows for microablation of tooth structure bone or soft tissue. 1-3 The diversity of wavelengths, mode of energy delivery, … The ERL group included 15 maxillary molars and 6 maxillary first premolars. Abstract : With every passing year, lasers in Dentistry are becoming more popular so as cosmetic dentistry. Papilla preservation technique, The modified papilla preservation technique. "breast cancer" HER2 Smith J. The inclusion criteria were 1) Adult (aged 18 to 75 years); 2) generalized periodontitis stage III, grade B;25 At least one, but up to two, non‐adjacent qualifying study teeth exhibiting a probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm and radiographic evidence of an intrabony defect with vertical dimension ≥3 mm, pocket base ≥3 mm coronal to the tooth apex, and a defect angle ≥25°; 4) Six weeks after SRP, study teeth had to continue to exhibit PD ≥6 mm and subjects had to demonstrate adequate oral hygiene (full‐mouth plaque score <25%); 5) Subjects were required to read, understand and sign an IRB approved informed consent form; and 6) Subjects had to be able and willing to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Perhavec T, Diaci J. On the first post‐therapy day, 62% of the MIST subjects needed to use an ice pack versus 17% of the ERL subjects. The laser energy has a penetration depth of 5 µ. Click the button below to choose how you want to be linked or connected: 1) Ask for a sample 2) Request for quote 3)Customize my own product and more. The evaluation of procedure time by analysis of variance, found a significant (. Full mouth assessments were taken at baseline and 4 to 6 weeks after SRP. A one‐way ANOVA of interproximal defect PDs in sites that could include furcation defects was compared with interproximal defect PDs in sites that could not have furcation defects. This difference persisted to the third day when 42% of the MIST subjects still reported a high level of swelling and only 4% of the ERL subjects reported swelling. Advanced Photonics Journal of Applied Remote Sensing This is the first multicenter, randomized, masked, and controlled study demonstrating the ERL is not inferior to MIST in terms of clinical outcomes but is superior in PROs for the surgical treatment of intrabony defects. The Figure is based on data from references 44. As the member of erbium laser family, Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) has obtained the approval for caries removal and cavity preparation by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). by Vohra, Fahim and Alghamdi, Abdullah and Aldakkan, Mohammed and Alharthi, Sultan and Alturaigi, Osama and Alrabiah, Mohammed and Al-Aali, Khulud … In addition, studies should be conducted on the use of laser monotherapy in sites with horizontal bone loss requiring surgical intervention compared with conventional pocket elimination surgical approaches. Primary and secondary outcomes indicate that the ERL therapy was non‐inferior to the MIST therapy (Table 2): CAL with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.6 mm (P <0.05), PD with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.5 mm (P <0.05), recession with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.4 mm (P <0.05). Periodontal maintenance, OHI, and PROs were completed every 90 days following therapy. Descriptive statistics of both the demographic (Table 1) and initial clinical variables (Table 2) demonstrate that the randomization process provided similar populations for both therapies with no significant differences between groups. The following settings were used for … While a surgeon's experience level has been previously correlated with less effective debridement in open and closed approaches of deep periodontal pockets,44 our study did not find a statistically significant difference amongst the investigators with respect to clinical measures (CAL, PD, REC) or PROs. Full Text References PDF Abstract. A new surgical approach for interproximal regenerative procedures, Granulation tissue removal in routine and minimally invasive procedures, A minimally invasive surgical technique with an enamel matrix derivative in the regenerative treatment of intra‐bony defects: a novel approach to limit morbidity, Minimally invasive surgical technique and modified‐mist in periodontal regeneration, Minimally Invasive Periodontal Therapy: Clinical Techniques and Visualization Technology, Commentary: incorporating patient‐reported outcomes in periodontal clinical trials, Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in dental clinical trials and product development: introduction to scientific and regulatory considerations, The efficacy of laser therapy: commentary on the American Academy of Periodontology best evidence consensus meeting, Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition, Improved wound stability with a modified minimally invasive surgical technique in the regenerative treatment of isolated interdental intrabony defects, A useful testing strategy in phase III trials: combined test of superiority and test of equivalence, Single minimally invasive surgical technique with an enamel matrix derivative to treat multiple adjacent intra‐bony defects: clinical outcomes and patient morbidity, Minimally invasive surgical technique and enamel matrix derivative in intrabony defects: 2. This analysis should only be interpreted based on clinical measures and PROs. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at the baseline and third month after the treatment. To assure accurate collection of patient experiences, PRO assessment interviews were conducted and recorded by an individual not involved in the subjects’ care. Fifty‐three adult subjects (29 females and 24 males; aged 19 to 73 years) with 79 intrabony defects were randomized and received MIST or ERL therapies. Efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser–assisted delivery of topical anesthesia in the oral mucosa Hamid Reza Khalighi1 & Massoud Mojahedi2 & Azadeh Parandoosh3 Received: 15 April 2018 /Accepted: 9 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Objective Lasers which can reduce epithelium thickness will enhance the penetration of topical drugs. Im Cr, Er: YSGG-Kristall ersetzt Cr3+ das Ga3+ oder Sc3+, und Y3+ wird durch Er3+ ersetzt. One of the first reports on the use of square- shaped pumping for Er:YAG lasers is in ref. In comparison with our investigation, which included a single laser treatment, the Gupta et al. INTRODUCTION There are a multitude of dental laser types that have been used to treat periodontitis, including CO 2, Diode, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG. Er, Cr:YSGG laser treatment can be considered a good option for managing peri-implantitis. During these past six years, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG have obtained FDA clearance for several oral uses, including removal of caries, enamel, dentin, cement, composite, and … The erbium laser uses ablation of water molecules and hydroxide ions to cut, shave, contour, roughen, etch, and resect oral hard tissues. Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Activation Enhances Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Action of Low Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals Pablo Betancourt 1,2, Josep María Sierra 1, Octavi Camps-Font 3, Josep Arnabat-Domínguez 3 and Miguel Viñas 1,* 1 Laboratory Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty … Overview; Fingerprint; Equipments Details × Contact information. : PD, CAL, recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BOP), modified gingival index (MGI), and tooth mobility (MOB). The Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation was shown to be effective in increasing the bactericidal efficiency of 0.5% NaOCl against oral E. faecalis biofilm as well. There were no clinical or statistically significant differences between the two different types of defects at baseline or at postoperative assessments out to 6 months. pulse duration). This was based on having a <2% dropout rate making the per protocol and ITT samples essentially the same. The Er,Cr:YSGG is the world's most advanced dental laser, which is ideal all-tissue laser because all dental tissues contain water, for the multidisciplinary dentist who performs a broad spectrum of procedures. The authors would like to thank Todd Scantlebury, Associate of The Avenues Company Flagstaff, AZ for his expertise and guidance in the development and implementation of the study. A calibration trial was conducted for the examiners of this multi‐centered clinical trial. The primary outcome variable was clinical attachment level (CAL), comparing change in CAL between the control (MIST) and test (ERL) therapies. Our group is concerned that application of surgical therapy without prior SRP may skew data to imply that the applied therapy is more effective by not considering the benefit of SRP alone. 1 Hullihen’s description in 1844 was most likely the first PG reported in English literature, but the term “pyogenic granuloma” or … Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, Department of Periodontics, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. The placement of an implant in a previously infected site is an important etiologic factor contributing to implant failure. Although … Denta Form Dental Clinic, Turkey Keynote: J Dent and Oral Res. For subjects randomized to MIST, the procedure was accomplished according to the technique described by Cortellini and Tonetti20 using magnification and illumination. shaped”, with the full width half max range of the pulse slightly closer to the end of the pulse. Twenty-six patients with GAgP (n=26) were enrolled in the study. View full fingerprint Powered by Pure, Scopus & … Journal of the Laser and Health Academy, Vol. After completion of the laser protocol, compression of the surgical site was accomplished using a wet 2×2 gauze for 3 to 5 minutes. In the case reported an Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 2780 nm (Waterlase, Biolase-Irvine, CA-U.S.) was used. Final sulcular debridement by removing residual debris and inducing blood coagulation (Tip: RFPT5; Power: 1.5 W; Pulse energy: 30 mJ; Pulse duration: 60 μs; Frequency: 30 Hz; Air/Water output: 10%/10%). Changing smiles and making extreme differences in … Chromium, Erbium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Cr, Er:YSGG) is a crystalline material composed of Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (YSGG) doped with chromium and erbium atoms and is used in lasers and endodontics. Subjects . The following clinical parameters were assessed by single‐masked, calibrated examiners for each study center using a UNC‐15 periodontal probe** PCPUNC 15, Hu‐Friedy, Chicago, IL. Upon enrollment, all subjects were treated with SRP at sites demonstrating PD ≥5 mm, including the selected study teeth. doi: 10.11607/prd.2660 Periodontal disease may cause sev-eral changes in the periodontium, such as pocket formation and irre-versible attachment loss.1 Thus, the primary … For discomfort, subjects were given a 600‐mg ibuprofen tablet and prescribed another after 8 hours. Following therapy, at 90‐day intervals up to and including 6 months, clinical measures were recorded for study teeth and immediately adjacent teeth. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ERL) is a solid‐state laser that provides a user‐controlled distribution of infrared energy at 2,780 nm for a variety of intraoral applications. The PROs analyzed in this study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between Laser and MIST groups, with the laser group reporting less bleeding, swelling, bruising, and use of ice following the procedure. CAL, clinical attachment level; ERL, Er,Cr:YSGG laser; REC, recession; SRP, scaling and root planing. The study complied with the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Cr, Er:YSGG is generally immediately available in most volumes. Thermal rise in the superficial tissue layers is … IL-37 was demonstrated to be an anti-inflammatory cytokine consisting of 5 subgroups and acts as a regulatory element during the inflammation response. The Er-Cr laser has a close affinity with hydroxyapatite and water, so it can be used both on hard (tooth, bone) and soft … The only other study comparing this wavelength to a surgical approach was performed by Gupta et al.,11 and did not reveal a statistically significant difference in CAL gain between open flap debridement (OFD) and Er,Cr:YSGG monotherapy. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to REC, PD reduction, or CAL gain (Table 2). Background . Flossing was not allowed for 2 weeks. Stepwise regression was used to determine which variable or if different initial variables influenced outcomes. If subjects were allergic to penicillin‐based antibiotics, they were given azithromycin 500 mg as a single dose to start, then 250 mg daily for days 2 to 5, or clindamycin 300 mg three times a day for 10 days. The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including … I: clinical outcomes and morbidity, Healing, post‐operative morbidity and patient perception of outcomes following regenerative therapy of deep intrabony defects, The role of enamel matrix derivative protein in minimally invasive surgery in treating intrabony defects in single‐rooted teeth: a randomized clinical trial, Periodontal regeneration of human intrabony defects. Name: Rashmi Nayak: Phone +91-9845364987: Emails: rashmi.nayak@manipal.edu: Terms of … In addition to the bacterial reduction, Er,Cr:YSGG lasers are also successful in coagulating the opened blood vessels and de-epithelizing the gingival pocket [1, 13]. In comparison, 36 of the 54 subjects with 57 of the 80 defects from our study had a history of prior periodontal therapy consisting of SRP or surgical therapy with ongoing maintenance care. Journal Article (39) Conference Proceeding (1) Subjects. This value was used to randomize the subjects within each center's blocks of four. No adverse events or complications were reported. Tip movement no faster than 2 mm/s. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. The study was planned in a double blind fashion. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing any laser wavelength to MIST. It has been demonstrated that deeper PD/CAL intrabony defects with narrower intrabony defect angles have greater gains in PD reduction and CAL.33 This study's defect morphology combined with the minimally invasive surgical approach may also explain the comparable CAL gains with less relative PD reduction and less REC compared with other studies34, 35 reporting on the use of OFD. Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Beginning with the “papilla preservation technique”,17 further improved by Cortellini et al.18 and combined with minimally invasive approaches,19 MIST has evolved into a decision tree guideline for treating periodontitis based on periodontal pocket morphology and papilla width in the interdental space.20 Currently, MIST is indicated for the treatment of intrabony defects that persist following scaling and root planing (SRP).21. This is in contrast to some therapies which are performed in the absence of prior SRP. Er,Cr:YSGG laser has been reported to ablate dental hard tissues with minimal injury to the pulp and surrounding tissues9; it can ablate enamel effectively due to its high absorption in water22and because it is also strongly absorbed by the hydroxyl radicals present in the hydroxyapatite structure12,16,18. To establish the effect of erbium, chromium,yttrium,scandium,gallium and garnet (Er,Cr: YSGG) laser-aided circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy compared to a conventional circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy group, after leveling and alignment during the first month after arch wire removal on the prevention of rotational relapse in lower incisors. In this work, the dependence of the input pump energy Eth on the square-shaped pump pulse power was studied experimentally and analytically. There was also a much lower level of bruising in the MIST group of 14% of the subjects with only 4% of the ERL subjects reporting bruising. Outcome of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Assisted Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Published in Photomedicine and Laser Surgery in 2014 ... View full … Dr. Clem, Dr. Heard, Dr. McGuire, Dr. Scheyer, Dr. Richardson, and Dr. Toback participated as investigators in addition to data collection and interpretation, drafting and revising of the manuscript. While one study39 using the ERL as a monotherapy attempted to quantify pain on a visual analog scale, it was not compared with a surgical control. In the first 2 to 3 days of post‐therapeutic diary outcomes, subjects reported less bruising, facial swelling, and use of ice pack for the ERL group. This study illustrates that multiple investigators with varying degrees of experience (0 to 15 years) in the use of lasers to affect clinical measures of intrabony defects can achieve repeatable outcomes that compare with MISTs. Journal of the Laser and Health Academy, Vol. The primary outcome was the change in CAL 4 to 6 weeks after SRP compared with 6 months after therapy. Any subsequent medication use was recorded. Rashmi Nayak (Manager) Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal . Upon completion of defect debridement, sites were closed with a 6‐0 PTFE modified internal mattress suture. It also directs laser energy, with or without water for cooling and hydration, to perform oral soft tissue removal, incision, excision, ablation, and coagulation for periodontal applications.5 The ERL has been shown to have some bactericidal effects.6, 7 It has also demonstrated the ability to safely remove the smear layer from root surfaces without damage to the cementum, similar to hand instrumentation.8 This wavelength is also capable of bone decortications and contouring without adverse effects.9 Similar to conventional surgical approaches, these capabilities may be useful in managing the debridement of hard and soft tissues associated with periodontal defects.6, 10-16, The minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for periodontal surgery has been in development for >30 years. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2016;36:715–721. A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial, Healing of intrabony defects following surgical treatment with or without an Er:YAG laser, Regeneration of alveolar bone following surgical and non‐surgical periodontal treatment, Minimally invasive non‐surgical approach for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a retrospective analysis, Surgical periodontal therapy with and without initial scaling and root planing in the management of chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial, Er,Cr:YSGG laser application for the treatment of periodontal furcation involvements, Efficacy of adjunctive Er, Cr:YSGG laser application following scaling and root planing in periodontally diseased patients, Clinical and biochemical effects of erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser treatment as a complement to periodontal treatment, The efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser supported periodontal therapy on the reduction of peridodontal disease related oral malodor: a randomized clinical study, Clinical evaluation of periodontal surgical treatment with an Er:YAG laser: 5‐year results, Scaling and root planing effectiveness: the effect of root surface access and operator experience, Lasers and the treatment of periodontitis: the essence and the noise. laser settings are Er: YAG 30hz, 50 mj, no water, Er, Cr: YSGG 20 hz, 1 watt, no water.in most cases, 8mm of freedom is adequate to allow for normal nursing. twice a day for 1 week. Laser Profilometry for the Characterization of Craters Produced in Hard Dental Tissues by Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG Lasers - Read Full Text. The Er:YAG 2940-nm and erbium, chromium–doped yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) 2780-nm instruments are free-running pulsed lasers that are most highly absorbed in water, followed by high absorption in hydroxyapatite and poor absorption in hemoglobin. This medium infrared laser works in pulse mode, at a fixed frequency of 20 pulses per second (Table 1) [Hadley, 2000] (0-6W power 140 microsec. Of those 28 studies, four pertained to the use of lasers in a surgical approach and none included the Er,Cr:YSGG wavelength. Decontamination of deep dentin by means of erbium, chromium:yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet laser irradiation, Laser supported reduction of specific microorganisms in the periodontal pocket with the aid of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser: a pilot study, Effects of root planing procedures with hand instrument or erbium, chromium:yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet laser irradiation on the root surfaces: a comparative scanning electron microscopy study, In vivo study of the healing processes that occur in the jaws of rabbits following perforation by an Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Minimally invasive periodontal treatment using the Er,Cr: YSGG laser. demonstrating the Er,Cr:YSGG laser is not inferior to MIST in terms of clinical outcomes but is superior in PROs for the surgical treatment of intrabony defects. Rick Heard, DDS, MS, 5606 N Navarro, Suite 304, Victoria, TX 77904. The study was supported, in part, by funding from Biolase Technology, Inc., San Clemente, CA. India. Subsequent publications will evaluate radiographic changes and clinical outcomes at 1 year. The BEC on the use of lasers for the treatment of periodontitis recommends conducting adequately sized RCTs comparing lasers to conventional periodontal therapy including minimally invasive treatments for defect elimination/resolution and attachment level gain.4 In addition, the recommendations for future study designs include conducting larger studies involving multiple investigators to determine if the use of lasers is a predictable and reliable mode of periodontal therapy with sustained long‐term results.24 This study is based on these recommendations for study design in comparing laser therapy to contemporary periodontal surgery for the treatment of periodontitis. To 0.8 mm. study population was comprised of patients from the Private of! Intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreement several diseases [ 39–41 ] hohen optischen Qualität und einer niedrigen Laserschwelle (! 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